One of the main challenges was obtaining a stable GPS fix during testing, especially indoors where signals are weak or unavailable. This caused inconsistent location data and made it difficult to verify system behavior. To address this, testing was moved closer to windows and open areas, and visual indicators were added to clearly distinguish between GPS-available and GPS-denied states.

Another challenge was managing reliable communication between the GPS module and the ESP32, including correct serial pin configuration and baud rate selection. This was resolved by validating hardware connections, using a dedicated hardware serial interface, and adding serial debugging to confirm data flow.

Finally, handling hardware constraints such as limited indicators required careful logic design to ensure clear system feedback using only two LEDs, which was achieved through simple, well-defined state control.