1. Algorithmic Complexity:
   a. The complex calculation logic required precise mathematical operations, which were error-prone and hard to maintain.
   b. We enlisted professional mathematicians to ensure accuracy and rigor in smart contract calculations. Their expertise helped us develop and verify reliable algorithms
2. Business Logic Complexity
   a. Implementing the complex business logic made smart contracts difficult to develop and maintain.
   b. We adopted a modular design, breaking down the logic into manageable modules. Each module was developed, tested, and deployed independently, simplifying the overall process.
3. Precision Loss in Bonding Curve Simulation
   a. During the simulation of the bonding curve, precision loss can occur, affecting the accuracy of the calculation results.
   b. We introduced a tolerance mechanism and used high-precision algorithms and data types at key points to minimize precision loss.
4. Compatibility with Multiple Token and Curve Types
   a. Supporting various token and curve types increased protocol complexity, leading to compatibility issues.
   b. We conducted thorough compatibility testing and adjustments for each type, aiming to unify them under a single protocol framework to simplify maintenance.
5. Performance Issues from High Data Request Volume
   a. High data request volumes led to system performance degradation, impacting user experience.
   b. We used tools like browser developer tools and Eruda to identify performance bottlenecks. By optimizing request frequency and volume, implementing caching, and using asynchronous processing, we improved system response speed and stability.

By addressing these challenges through professional collaboration, modular design, high-precision algorithms, compatibility optimization, performance tuning, and customized solutions, we ensured our system's reliability, stability, and scalability.